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1.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(6): 402-407, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289712

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It represents one of the three worldwide leading causes of death by parasites and a public health problem due to its frequency, morbidity, mortality, and easy dispersion. Objective The study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of Lactobacillus spp. postbiotics on E. histolytica trophozoites (HM1-IMSS strain) and to determine morphometric changes in trophozoite membrane by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods Bioassays on trophozoites were conducted with lyophilized postbiotics at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/mL concentrations, and trophozoite samples were obtained for AFM analysis Results Results indicated postbiotic inhibitory activity; the highest percentage inhibition was 89.63% at 0.5 mg/mL. Trophozoites nanomechanical analysis showed 28.32% increase in ruggedness and 56% decrease in size with treatments compared to the control. Conclusion Our study showed that the synergy of Lactobacillus postbiotics inhibited E. histolytica HM1-IMSS in vitro growth under axenic conditions, inducing morphometric alterations in trophozoites’ cell membrane. These results would allow designing strategies or treatments aimed at E. histolytica control in the future.


Assuntos
Humanos , Entamoeba histolytica/fisiologia , Trofozoítos/fisiologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Probióticos/farmacologia
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(4): 1590-1596, Dec. 2017. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-893173

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Vertebrates exhibit structural changes in their cardiovascular and gas exchange systems in response to hypoxic conditions in high altitude environments. In highland neotenic mole salamanders, as other amphibians, the majority of gases exchange is carried out for skin and gills. But, in high altitude environments, the available oxygen is lower than it is in the air thus, the scarcity of oxygen limits the survival of organisms. Many studies on this subject have focused on understanding the hematological mechanisms that amphibians exhibit in response to hypoxia. However, little is known about possible morphological changes in respiratory structures that may permit increased gas exchange during respiration in high altitude amphibians like Ambystoma leorae and A. rivulare, two threatened Mexican salamander species. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare the histological characteristics of the gills and dorsal skin of A. leorae and A. rivulare from populations at low and high altitudes. We found that, in comparison to lowland organisms, highland ones exhibited more pronounced skin folds, greater numbers of secondary branches in the gills, thinner dorsal and gill epidermises, and greater quantity of melanin surrounding the gill blood vessels. These differences permit a greater capacity for gas exchange and also increase thermoregulatory capacity in high altitude environments.


RESUMEN: Los anfibios que viven en ambientes de altitud se enfrentan a factores abióticos que limitan la vida, tales como la disminución de la presión barométrica con la consecuente disminución de la presión parcial de oxígeno (O2). Conocer los mecanismos que optimizan la obtención del O2 en estos animales es de gran importancia para entender las diferencias en la sensibilidad a la hipoxia de las diferentes especies. Ambystoma rivulare y A. leorae son anfibios endémicos del Estado de México que viven en ambientes de alta altitud por lo que se cree presentan estrategias fenotípicas para asimilar eficazmente el O2 y poder subsistir en los ambientes de altitud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características histológicas de branquias y piel cefálica (que son las principales estructuras que se encargan del intercambio gaseoso) provenientes de tres poblaciones con diferente altitud. Nuestros resultados muestran que los organismos que habitan a mayor altitud tienden a aumentar la superficie de intercambio gaseoso, como es el caso de pliegues epidérmicos y ramas branquiales secundarias. Las diferencias histológicas de branquias y piel cefálica tanto interespecíficas como intraespecíficas respecto a la altitud parecen apoyar la idea de que los organismos modifican sus estructuras para contrarrestar las limitantes de la vida en ambientes de altitud.


Assuntos
Animais , Pele/anatomia & histologia , Altitude , Ambystoma/anatomia & histologia , Brânquias/anatomia & histologia , Dorso
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(1): 306-309, Mar. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-840970

RESUMO

The abdominal aorta of the rabbit has been in the focus of research to develop new platforms of training diagnostic and therapeutic protocols; and for testing endovascular devices and materials, however, few descriptions of the anatomy of the abdominal aorta and its emerging visceral branches has been reported on the scientific literature for this specie. Anatomical variations are common and should have in mind during research and clinical trials. The aim of this study was to describe the different patterns that can occur in the visceral branches arising from the abdominal aorta in the rabbit.


La aorta abdominal del conejo ha sido objeto de estudio e investigación para desarrollar nuevas plataformas de entrenamiento para protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos así como para probar las virtudes de materiales y equipos endovasculares, sin embargo, existen muy pocas descripciones en la literatura de las ramas viscerales que emergen de la aorta abdominal en esta especie. Las variaciones anatómicas son eventos de ocurrencia común y por lo tanto deben ser considerados para realizar investigación y ensayos clínicos. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido describir los diferentes patrones que pueden presentar las ramas viscerales que emergen de la aorta abdominal en el conejo.


Assuntos
Animais , Variação Anatômica , Aorta Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Coelhos/anatomia & histologia , Vísceras/irrigação sanguínea
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(4): 1253-1258, Dec. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-840876

RESUMO

La articulación cubital del perro es de tipo compuesta, formada por el cóndilo del húmero, la cabeza del radio y la escotadura troclear de la ulna. Esta articulación es propensa a padecer enfermedades del desarrollo, lesiones traumáticas y degenerativas. La corrección de estos padecimientos suele ser quirúrgica, sin embargo, el planteamiento de la cirugía resulta difícil debido a la complejidad estructural de esta articulación. Los modelos anatómicos tridimensionales (3D) obtenidos de los cortes seriados mediante tomografía computarizada han probado ser eficaces en el planteamiento de los abordajes quirúrgicos, sin embargo tiene limitaciones técnicas en la identificación de los tejidos blandos. Los cortes ultradelgados (1 mm) obtenidos mediante plastinación permiten realizar descripciones anatómicas detalladas de regiones anatómicas complejas y también pueden ser usadas para realizar reconstrucciones 3D. El objetivo del presente trabajo, ha sido obtener una reconstrucción 3D de las estructuras anatómicas que conforman el codo del perro a partir de cortes plastinados ultradelgados.


The dog's elbow joint is a very complex structure formed between the humeral condyle, the radial head and the ulnar trochlear notch. This joint is prone to suffer growth disorders, traumatic injuries, and degenerative conditions. All these problems used to be solved by surgical means, nevertheless, the surgical plan, results in a complex decision making process related with the aforementioned joint characteristics, three dimensional (3D) anatomical models from computed tomography have proven to be useful in the surgical approach, nevertheless the image technique is at some point limited, mainly identifying soft tissues. Ultrathin plastinated slices (1 mm) allows to perform very detailed descriptions of complex structures and 3D reconstructions as well. The aim of this work, was to obtain a 3D reconstruction of ultrathin plastinated elbow joint in the dog.


Assuntos
Animais , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Cotovelo/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento Tridimensional , Modelos Anatômicos , Inclusão em Plástico
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